“On trade, I have decided for purposes of fairness, that I will charge a reciprocal tariff, meaning whatever countries charge the United States of America, we will charge them. No more, no less,” Trump told reporters in the Oval Office.
Trump signed a memo ordering his team to start calculating duties to match those other countries charge and to counteract non-tariff barriers such as vehicle safety rules that exclude U.S. autos and value-added taxes that increase their cost.
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U.S. President Donald Trump holds an executive order about tariffs increase in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, U.S., February 13, 2025. Photo by Reuters |
Thursday’s directive stopped short of imposing fresh tariffs, instead kicking off what could be weeks or months of investigation into the levies imposed on U.S. goods by other trading partners and then devising a response.
Targets include China, Japan, South Korea and the European Union. The Republican president’s latest round of market-rattling tariffs has ratcheted up fears of a widening global trade war and threatened to accelerate U.S. inflation.
Wall Street – anxious that tariffs may add to inflation and keep the Federal Reserve from cutting interest rates further – breathed a sigh of relief, for the moment, with U.S. stocks adding to the day’s gains. A gauge of global stocks touched a record high, and yields on U.S. Treasury securities fell.
Howard Lutnick, Trump’s pick for Commerce secretary, said the administration would address each affected country one by one and said studies on the issue would be completed by April 1. That is also the deadline Trump set on his first day in office for Lutnick and other economic advisers to report to him with plans to reduce the chronic trade imbalances that Trump sees as a U.S. subsidy to other countries.
Trump, who campaigned on a pledge to bring down consumer prices, said prices could go up in the short term as a result of the moves. “Tariffs are great,” he said.
A White House official, who spoke to reporters before Trump’s event in the Oval Office, said the administration would study countries with the biggest trade surpluses and highest tariff rates first.
Trump’s tariffs would match the higher duties charged by other countries, he said, and would aim to counteract burdensome regulations, value-added taxes, government subsidies and exchange rate policies that can erect barriers to the flow of U.S. products to foreign markets.
“They effectively don’t let us do business. So we’re going to put a number on that that is a fair number. We’re able to accurately determine the cost of these non-monetary trade barriers,” Trump said.
Open to talks
The broad announcement appeared designed at least in part to trigger talks with other countries. The White House official said Trump would gladly lower tariffs if other countries lowered theirs. The new tariffs would avoid a “one size fits all” approach for more customized levies, he said, though he did not rule out a flat global tariff.
“It’s a relief that the administration isn’t rushing to impose new tariffs, and we welcome the president taking a more nuanced, inter-agency approach,” said Tiffany Smith, vice president for global trade at the National Foreign Trade Council. “Ideally, this process will result in us working with our trading partners to lower their tariffs and trade barriers as opposed to increasing our own.”
Trump, who took office on Jan. 20, has already announced tariffs on all steel and aluminum imports beginning on March 12, imposed 10% tariffs on goods from China, and put a 30-day hold on planned tariffs on goods from neighboring Canada and Mexico.
Trump said on Monday he was also looking at separate tariffs on cars, semiconductors and pharmaceuticals. On Thursday he said car tariffs would be coming soon.
“This is beyond negotiation. It’s to be taken very seriously,” said Josh Lipsky, director of the Atlantic Council’s GeoEconomics Center and a former adviser to the International Monetary Fund who also served in the Obama White House.
“I do think every country has been put on notice. And if you were going to implement reciprocal tariffs on the scale he’s talking about, this is actually how you would go about it,” he said.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who was in Washington to meet with Trump, oversees a government that imposes the highest tariffs on U.S. exports of any major U.S. trading partner. Trump acknowledged as much on Thursday.
Trade experts say structuring the reciprocal tariffs that Trump wants poses big challenges for his team, which may explain why the latest duties were not announced earlier in the week.
Experts say Trump could turn to several statutes, including Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, which would only allow a flat rate maximum of 15% for six months, or Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930, which provides authority to act against trade discrimination that disadvantages U.S. commerce, but has never been used.
Trump also could use the same International Emergency Economic Powers Act used to justify the tariffs imposed on China and pending for Canada and Mexico.
The White House official said that measure and others could be used.
“Absent IEEPA, there would need to be some kind of agency action first before any trade remedy tariffs can be imposed … but everything seems to be on the fast track,” said Damon Pike, a trade specialist and principal with the U.S. division of accounting firm BDO International, adding that normally tariffs would be done by Congress.
